抗性杂草现状
2024-06-17
除草剂抗性问题一直伴随着除草剂的使用和发展,挑战着除草剂的使用,也“激励”着除草剂的开发。
1、 全球抗性杂草概况
经Weedscience网站统计,截止目前,全球共发现530个除草剂抗性案例。涉及272种杂草(其中155种双子叶、117种单子叶),168种除草剂(31个除草剂作用机制中占21个);分布在72个国家,共100种作物田中。
图1 全球抗性杂草(抗性案例)历年增长趋势
截止2023年,各类作用机制的除草剂抗性杂草数量:抗乙酰乳酸合成酶(ALS)抑制剂除草剂的杂草数量最多,为174种;其次依次为光合系统Ⅱ(PSⅡ)抑制剂、烯醇丙酮莽草酸磷酸合成酶(EPSP)抑制剂、乙酰辅酶A羧化酶(ACCase)抑制剂、生长素类似物除草剂、光合系统Ⅰ(PSⅠ)电子转移除草剂、微管组装抑制剂,抗性杂草数量分别为87、59、51、44、33、12种。
而同一种杂草存在多个除草剂抗性的趋势也愈发严重。截止2020年,248种杂草对2种及2种以上作用机制的除草剂产生抗性,占比94.66%。对2-5种作用机制的除草剂产生抗性的杂草数量分别为104、54、32和19种。其中,硬直黑麦草和早熟禾对12种作用位点的除草剂已经产生抗性。
图2 各作用机制的除草剂抗性杂草历年增长趋势
图3 多重抗性的杂草历年增长趋势
图4 多重抗性的杂草(TOP15)
从统计数据可以看出,已产生抗性杂草最严重的科为禾本科。共92种抗性杂草;其他位列前10的抗性杂草科依次为菊科、十字花科、莎草科、苋科、蓼科、玄参科、泽泻科、藜科和石竹科。分布最多的作物田为小麦田,统计有85种杂草已产生抗性,其次为玉米田、水稻田、大豆田等。
图5 发生抗性杂草的科(TOP10)
图6 作物田发生抗性杂草数量(TOP10)
莠去津、草甘膦和苯磺隆是抗性问题最严重的三个除草剂,分别已发现66、59和48种杂草对其产生抗药性。其次还有咪唑乙烟酸、甲氧咪草烟、甲基碘磺隆钠盐、甲磺隆、氯磺隆、精噁唑禾草灵、百草枯、苄嘧磺隆、西玛津、噻吩磺隆、啶磺草胺和甲基二磺隆。
图7 除草剂各有效成分已产生抗性杂草数量(TOP15)
2、 我国抗性杂草概况
Weedscience网站统计了我国1990年-2023年报导的抗性杂草发生案例,共51个。主要发生的抗性杂草有日本看麦娘、反枝苋、稗草(原变种)、菵草、雨久花、野慈姑、播娘蒿、小飞蓬、猪殃殃、荠菜、麦家公、看麦娘、牛繁缕、鸭舌草、马唐、繁缕、牛筋草、硬草、千金子、铁苋菜、通泉草、稗草(西来稗变种)、棒头草、大巢菜、多花水苋菜、黑麦草、水稗。其中抗性较为严重的是稗草和日本看麦娘。
主要分布于小麦、冬小麦、水稻、棉花、玉米、大豆田及非耕地中。主要分布在水稻和小麦田中。
产生抗性较多的除草剂包括苯磺隆、苄嘧磺隆等ALS除草剂,及炔草酯、精噁唑禾草灵等ACCase除草剂。
表1 中国抗性杂草案例
Year |
Species |
MOAs |
Actives |
Situations |
1990 |
Alopecurus japonicus |
PSII inhibitors - Serine 264 Binders& |
chlorotoluron |
Cereals, Wheat |
1990 |
Amaranthus retroflexus |
PSII inhibitors - Serine 264 Binders& |
atrazine |
Cropland |
1993 |
Echinochloa crus-galli var. crusgalli |
Very Long-Chain Fatty Acid Synthesis inhibitors HRAC Group 15 |
butachlor |
Rice |
1993 |
Beckmannia syzigachne |
PSII inhibitors - Serine 264 Binders& |
chlorotoluron |
Cereals, Wheat |
1993 |
Echinochloa crus-galli var. crusgalli |
Very Long-Chain Fatty Acid Synthesis inhibitors HRAC Group 15 |
thiobencarb/benthiocarb |
Rice |
2000 |
Echinochloa crus-galli var. crusgalli |
Auxin Mimics& |
quinclorac |
Rice |
2003 |
Monochoria korsakowii |
Inhibition of Acetolactate Synthase& |
bensulfuron-methyl, pyrazosulfuron-ethyl |
Rice |
2003 |
Sagittaria montevidensis |
Inhibition of Acetolactate Synthase& |
bensulfuron-methyl, pyrazosulfuron-ethyl |
Rice |
2005 |
Descurainia sophia |
Inhibition of Acetolactate Synthase& |
tribenuron-methyl |
Cereals |
2006 |
Conyza canadensis |
Inhibition of Enolpyruvyl Shikimate Phosphate Synthase& |
glyphosate |
Orchards |
2007 |
Galium aparine |
Inhibition of Acetolactate Synthase& |
tribenuron-methyl |
Winter wheat |
2007 |
Alopecurus japonicus |
Inhibition of Acetyl CoA Carboxylase& |
haloxyfop-methyl, clodinafop-propargyl, fenoxaprop-ethyl, pinoxaden |
Winter wheat, Canola |
2009 |
Capsella bursapastoris |
Inhibition of Acetolactate Synthase& |
tribenuron-methyl |
Winter wheat |
2009 |
Buglossoides arvensis (=Lithospermum arvense) |
Inhibition of Acetolactate Synthase& |
tribenuron-methyl |
Winter wheat |
2009 |
Youngia japonica |
PS I Electron Diversion& |
paraquat |
Unspecified |
2010 |
Alopecurus japonicus |
PS I Electron Diversion& |
paraquat |
Unspecified |
2010 |
Alopecurus aequalis |
Inhibition of Acetyl CoA Carboxylase& |
clodinafop-propargyl, fenoxaprop-ethyl |
Wheat |
2010 |
Beckmannia syzigachne |
Inhibition of Acetyl CoA Carboxylase& |
fenoxaprop-ethyl |
Winter wheat |
2010 |
Myosoton aquaticum |
Inhibition of Acetolactate Synthase& |
tribenuron-methyl |
Winter wheat |
2010 |
Echinochloa crus-galli var. crusgalli |
Inhibition of Acetyl CoA Carboxylase& |
quizalofop-ethyl, fenoxaprop-ethyl |
Rice, Soybean |
2010 |
Monochoria vaginalis |
Inhibition of Acetolactate Synthase& |
bensulfuron-methyl |
Rice |
2010 |
Digitaria sanguinalis |
Inhibition of Acetolactate Synthase& |
nicosulfuron |
Corn (maize) |
2010 |
Stellaria media |
Auxin Mimics& |
MCPA, fluroxypyr |
Winter wheat |
2010 |
Eleusine indica |
PS I Electron Diversion& |
paraquat |
Unspecified |
2010 |
Eleusine indica |
Inhibition of Enolpyruvyl Shikimate Phosphate Synthase& |
glyphosate |
Orchards |
2010 |
Sclerochloa kengiana |
Inhibition of Acetyl CoA Carboxylase& |
clodinafop-propargyl, fenoxaprop-ethyl |
Winter wheat |
2011 |
Leptochloa chinensis |
Inhibition of Acetyl CoA Carboxylase& |
cyhalofop-butyl |
Rice |
2011 |
Digitaria sanguinalis |
Inhibition of Acetyl CoA Carboxylase& |
quizalofop-ethyl |
Cotton |
2011 |
Acalypha australis |
Inhibition of Protoporphyrinogen Oxidase& |
fomesafen |
Soybean |
2011 |
Rorippa indica |
Inhibition of Acetolactate Synthase& |
tribenuron-methyl |
Winter wheat |
2011 |
Mazus fauriei |
PS I Electron Diversion& |
paraquat |
Unspecified |
2011 |
Sclerochloa dura |
PS I Electron Diversion& |
paraquat |
Unspecified |
2011 |
Descurainia sophia |
Auxin Mimics& |
MCPA |
Winter wheat |
2011 |
Descurainia sophia |
Inhibition of Protoporphyrinogen Oxidase& |
carfentrazone-ethyl |
Winter wheat |
2011 |
Echinochloa crus-galli var. crusgalli |
Inhibition of Acetolactate Synthase& |
penoxsulam |
Rice |
2013 |
Echinochloa crus-galli var. zelayensis |
Auxin Mimics& |
quinclorac |
Rice |
2014 |
Polypogon fugax |
Inhibition of Acetyl CoA Carboxylase& |
clodinafop-propargyl, fluazifop-butyl, quizalofop-ethyl, fenoxaprop-ethyl, sethoxydim, clethodim, pinoxaden |
Wheat, Canola |
2014 |
Galium aparine |
Auxin Mimics& |
fluroxypyr |
Wheat |
2014 |
Vicia sativa |
Inhibition of Acetolactate Synthase& |
tribenuron-methyl |
Wheat |
2014 |
Alopecurus aequalis |
Inhibition of Acetolactate Synthase& |
quizalofop-ethyl, fenoxaprop-ethyl, nicosulfuron, flucarbazone-Na, mesosulfuron-methyl, penoxsulam, pinoxaden |
Wheat |
2014 |
Alopecurus japonicus |
Inhibition of Acetolactate Synthase& |
fenoxaprop-ethyl, pyribenzoxim, sulfosulfuron, nicosulfuron, mesosulfuron-methyl, pyroxsulam |
Wheat |
2014 |
Sagittaria trifolia |
Inhibition of Acetolactate Synthase& |
pyribenzoxim, bispyribac-sodium, bensulfuron-methyl, penoxsulam |
Rice |
2017 |
Amaranthus retroflexus |
Inhibition of Acetolactate Synthase& |
imazethapyr, fluoroglycofen-ethyl, fomesafen, lactofen, acifluorfen |
Soybean |
2019 |
Lithospermum arvense |
Inhibition of Acetolactate Synthase& |
imazethapyr, pyrithiobac-sodium, tribenuron-methyl, florasulam, pyroxsulam |
Wheat |
2021 |
Digitaria ciliaris |
Inhibition of Acetyl CoA Carboxylase& |
metamifop |
Rice |
2022 |
Ammannia multiflora |
Inhibition of Acetolactate Synthase& |
bensulfuron-methyl, penoxsulam |
Rice |
2022 |
Lolium perenne ssp. multiflorum |
Inhibition of Acetolactate Synthase& |
clodinafop-propargyl, fenoxaprop-ethyl, flucarbazone-Na, pinoxaden, pyroxsulam |
Wheat |
2023 |
Echinochloa phyllopogon (=E. oryzicola) |
Inhibition of Acetolactate Synthase& |
penoxsulam |
Rice |
2023 |
Leptochloa chinensis |
Inhibition of Hydroxyphenyl Pyruvate Dioxygenase& |
tripyrasulfone |
Rice |
2023 |
Ammannia auriculata |
Inhibition of Acetolactate Synthase& |
bensulfuron-methyl |
Rice |
2023 |
Panicum miliaceum var. ruderale Kitag. |
Inhibition of Acetolactate Synthase& |
nicosulfuron |
Corn (maize) |
本文数据翻译和总结自https://weedscience.org/Home.aspx,如有错误,请批评指正